On This Day in 1998, Rage Against the Machine Roasted the Entertainment Industry on a Major Movie Soundtrack – American Songwriter

On This Day in 1998, Rage Against the Machine Roasted the Entertainment Industry on a Major Movie Soundtrack – American Songwriter

By
Clayton Edwards
On this day (May 19) in 1998, Godzilla: The Album hit record store shelves. The soundtrack to the summer blockbuster contained multiple hit songs from the likes of Diddy and the Wallflowers. However, maybe the most interesting addition to the album was Rage Against the Machine’s “No Shelter.”
Godzilla: The Album featured a handful of memorable hit songs. “Come with Me” saw Diddy rapping over “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin. The track went to No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. ”Deeper Underground” was a No. 1 hit in the UK for Jamiroquai. The Wallflowers also scored a top 10 hit with their cover of David Bowie’s “Heroes.” While “No Shelter” wasn’t released as a single from the album, it made waves for its lyrical content.
[RELATED: On This Day in 1996, the Album That Put Rage Against the Machine on the Map Debuted at No. 1]
Rage Against the Machine’s lyrics nearly always contain pointed social commentary, and “No Shelter” was no exception. The track called out media manipulation and rampant consumerism. However, the line Godzilla, pure motherf**kin’ filler to keep your eyes off the real killer, saw the band at odds with the film on which the track appeared.
Rage Against the Machine didn’t stop with the line about Godzilla in “No Shelter.” They also attacked the film’s marketing campaign in the song’s music video.
The marketing for Godzilla featured billboards and other ads teasing the size of the film’s titular monster. Ads attached to city buses reading “His foot is as long as this bus,” and billboards that red “He’s twice as tall as this sign,” were all over large cities. All of the ads included the tagline “Size matters.”
Most of the video for “No Shelter” takes inspiration from the working conditions of the Industrial Revolution, but a few scenes are clearly parodies of the marketing for Godzilla.
The video opens on a shot of a tiny prison cell with the text, “Mumia Abu-Jamal’s cell is this big,” followed by “Justice does matter. Later, the clip shows a sign posted on a building that reads “The crater at Hiroshima would stretch from here.” Then, a sign on another building reads, “to here,” with the tagline “history does matter.” Another sign attached to a skyscraper reads, “Babies born into poverty in the U.S. each year would fill this building.” It featured the tagline “Inequality does matter.” Additionally, the video features a sign stating, “Land stolen from Mexico equals five states,” and featuring the tagline “Imperialism matters.”
Many accused Rage Against the Machine of “selling out” by appearing on the Godzilla soundtrack. However, using the massive platform of the soundtrack to criticize the entertainment industry as a whole was the most on-brand thing they could have done.
Featured Image by Patrice Lapointe/ZUMA Press Wire/Shutterstock
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OPINION | PHILMAR MENDOZA: Preventative care important to women’s health – Pine Bluff Commercial News

OPINION | PHILMAR MENDOZA: Preventative care important to women’s health – Pine Bluff Commercial News



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Women’s health is about more than reproductive care — it’s a commitment to improving one’s overall health at every stage of life. From puberty and pregnancy to menopause and healthy aging, each stage brings new health needs and presents an opportunity to reflect and take charge of one’s health and well-being.
Preventive care is one of the most powerful tools for staying healthy at any stage of life. Regular check-ups, screenings and vaccinations can find health issues early, when they are easier to treat and manage. Here are some important steps to take:
Getting vaccinated for human papillomavirus, or HPV, can start as early as age 9 for both boys and girls to prevent certain types of cancers.
Cervical cancer screening, including Pap smears and HPV testing, should start around age 21.
Mammograms are recommended starting at age 40 to detect breast cancer early.
Regularly checking blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar can help prevent chronic diseases like diabetes or heart disease.
Routine vaccinations, including flu, covid-19, RSV and measles, can prevent serious illness and protect others.
Reproductive health is central to women’s health care needs. Access to contraception, prenatal and postpartum care, and reproductive health education helps women make empowered choices to support a healthy lifestyle. Sexual health education also promotes safe practices to help prevent sexually transmitted infections (STI). Here are some key services for reproductive health:
Routine STI testing for sexually active people.
Family planning conversations to explore goals for pregnancy and decide if or when the time is right.
Education for building healthy relationships to support positive mental health outcomes.
Creating healthy habits is key to supporting women’s health. Here are some tips for a healthy lifestyle:
Eat a nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Stay active to reduce stress, manage weight and support heart health.
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol use, as both can increase the risk for serious health problems.
Prioritize sleep by getting at least seven hours every night.
Prioritize mental health by staying connected with loved ones, doing enjoyable things or by talking to a therapist or counselor.
The UAMS Institute for Community Health Innovation offers several programs across Arkansas to support women’s health, including CenteringPregnancy, Healthy Start and Mobile Reproductive Health.
CenteringPregnancy is a group prenatal care program where pregnant women can share concerns, experiences and advice. It also connects pregnant women with a health care provider.
Healthy Start promotes positive birth outcomes and improves the health and well-being of both mothers and babies by providing tailored prenatal and health services. Clients are assigned a Community Health Worker to guide them through pregnancy and afterwards, offering clinical navigation, education and one-on-one case management services.
Mobile Reproductive Health involves UAMS Mobile Health Units traveling across Arkansas to bring essential women’s health, reproductive and prenatal care services directly to communities.
Philmar Mendoza Kabua is a nurse educator at the UAMS Institute for Community Health Innovation, with more than 15 years of working in clinical and public health settings. For more information about the UAMS Institute for Community Health Innovation, visit communityhealth.uams.edu.

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How to start a career in coffee roasting – Perfect Daily Grind

How to start a career in coffee roasting – Perfect Daily Grind

Starting a career in roasting can often be a daunting task for many coffee professionals. The skills and experience required to roast high-quality coffee take years to learn and finetune, which can deter some people from working in a roastery.
There are, however, numerous different roles in the industry that can prepare a coffee professional for a career in roasting. With the proper knowledge and dedication, roasting can be a rewarding and unique opportunity to hone skills even further.
To find out more, I spoke to Gregory Koifman, CEO and founder of Ethica Coffee Roasters, and Muneera Alafaliq, HR Specialist at Bunista Roastery.
You may also like our article on how micro roasters can grow sustainably.
Before we talk about how to start working in roasting, it’s crucial to understand the various job roles involved in a roastery. Ultimately, your starting position will depend on your skill level and previous experience.
A “director of coffee” is often at the helm of most roasteries, as Gregory Koifman, CEO and founder of Ethica Coffee Roasters in Toronto, Canada, explains: “The director of coffee is responsible for all coffee products and beverages and, of course, the company’s quality standards.”
Meanwhile, a head roaster works closely with the director of coffee to set roasting schedules, develop roast profiles and blends, and oversee the production team. Quality control specialists then work alongside head roasters to carry out cuppings to maintain high standards.
A production manager will often oversee roastery operations, which includes budgeting, finances, and staff management. Production roasters carry out and monitor the roasting process by following guidelines and procedures set by the head roaster or director of coffee.
“This role requires solid foundational knowledge of coffee roasting and production safety protocols,” Gregory says. 
To support production roasters, assistant roasters will help with various tasks, such as packaging, labeling, and inventory management.
“At Ethica, this position is usually the first step to becoming a coffee roaster,” Gregory adds.
Another common role is a green coffee buyer, who sources green coffee and manages wholesale accounts, among other tasks.
Transitioning into roasting can be a logical career path for those who are passionate about specialty coffee. But many begin their roasting journey once they gain more experience in other roles.
Muneera Alafaliq is a HR Specialist at Bunista Roastery in Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
“Baristas, coffee shop managers, or even green coffee buyers can transition into roasting roles because they already have a deep understanding of flavour profiles, brewing techniques, and consumer preferences,” Muneera says. 
It’s common for head baristas or coffee shop managers who are looking to apply their coffee skills even further to express interest in roasting. Similarly, home roasters who feel they have perfected their craft may also want to start their own roasting business or join an established roastery.
“Experience in food production or manufacturing environments, where precision and consistency are paramount, is also valuable,” Muneera adds. 
Regardless of your background in specialty coffee, industry-specific job boards like PDG Jobs are excellent starting points for finding roasting jobs. PDG Jobs features many roastery positions – such as director of coffee, production manager, and green buyer – as well as other roles across the sector.
Moreover, PDG Jobs regularly updates its coffee job listings, allowing aspiring roasters around the world to stay informed about new opportunities.
Before searching for coffee roasting jobs, there are a few key things to be aware of so that you’re better prepared for success.
First and foremost, starting a career with an established coffee roaster is very different from establishing your own roastery. If you plan to start your own business, it’s crucial to have the right skills, equipment, and facilities beforehand.
“Before diving into roasting, individuals should familiarise themselves with different types of machines, understand the science behind roasting, and develop their palate to discern subtle flavour differences in coffee,” Muneera says.
Prospective roasters will also need to decide whether to open their own facility or use a co-roasting space. The latter can be a cost-effective way to get started without significant upfront investment, whereas starting a roastery from scratch is much more cost-intensive.
Some important pieces of equipment needed to open a roastery include:
Additionally, it’s important to consider the costs of running the facility itself, including permits and ventilation, as well as hiring staff and delivery drivers.
If your goal is to land a job at an established roastery, consider the type of business you want to work for. Roasteries can vary widely in size, branding, and values, so finding one that aligns with your coffee career goals is crucial.
Some coffee professionals may prefer to work at a smaller roastery that maintains close relationships with producers and focuses on micro lots, whereas others may find more success working for a larger business that works with wholesale clients.
For baristas, building on previous experience can be a useful gateway into roasting, so working for roasteries that operate their own cafés can be a great opportunity. Ultimately, your choice depends on the environment you want to work in and your long-term career aspirations.
A career in coffee roasting isn’t always for everyone. Many tasks – like packing,  labelling, or even roasting itself – can be repetitive, and therefore require patience and even a particular personality type.
“You need to have a strong work ethic, attention to detail, and the ability to work in a fast-paced environment, as roasting requires precision and consistency,” Muneera explains.
Working in a roastery isn’t always “glamorous” and often involves long hours and strenuous tasks, especially in a start-up business where roasting and quality control might only take up 15% of the weekly tasks.
However, with the increasing use of automation, roasters are able to spend less time monitoring machines and focus more on other aspects of the business, such as developing blends, building customer relationships, and experimenting with new roast profiles.
Gregory says prospective roasters must be passionate about coffee and have a solid knowledge of different origins, varieties, and processing methods – and how these all impact the roasting process.
“Knowledge of coffee production and the science behind brewing and roasting are advantageous,” he adds.
Roasting experience – whether developed at home or in a professional environment – are, of course, also useful. However, the amount of required experience depends on the job roles you are applying for. 
“For our master roaster and production manager roles, we’re looking for someone with extensive experience in roasting, a proven track record of managing production schedules and leading a team, and a deep passion for producing exceptional coffee,” Muneera says.
Soft skills, such as precision and attention to detail, are also important. Working independently and as part of a team is also key.
“There are a lot of opportunities in the coffee industry, and growth is unlimited,” Gregory says. “Anyone who sets the goal to start a career in roasting can achieve it – it’s only a matter of time and choosing the right company to work for.”
Starting a career in coffee roasting can be understandably challenging, so Muneera encourages those interested to immerse themselves in the specialty coffee industry as much as possible. 
Networking is a key part of this. Aspiring roasters should attend as many trade shows and events as possible, or even take part in local and national roasting competitions.
“Attend cuppings, visit roasteries to observe the roasting process firsthand, and experiment with home roasting if possible,” Muneera adds. 
Coffee professionals can also use platforms like PDG Jobs to find roasting opportunities, as well as other areas of the coffee sector, such as green coffee trading, marketing, or wholesale management.
Additionally, if the company you already work for roasts coffee, communicate your desire to learn more or even ask to shadow a roaster for more hands-on experience. Being comfortable to ask questions and dedicate enough time to learn new skills can help the transition into roasting be much more manageable.
“Don’t be afraid to ask questions and seek guidance from experienced roasters,” Muneera advises. “And most importantly, approach roasting with curiosity, patience, and a commitment to continuous learning.”
With in-depth knowledge, commitment, and an open mind, starting a career in roasting is possible for any dedicated coffee professional. Whether you have just started working in coffee or are looking to advance your career, roasting offers countless opportunities for growth and exploration.
Above all else, enjoying your coffee career path is most important. By investing your skills and experience, there is always more to learn about specialty coffee.
Enjoyed this? Then read our article on what roasters need to know when upgrading their facilities.
Photo credits: Bunista Roastery, Ethica Coffee Roasters
Perfect Daily Grind
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Zoe is an expert content marketer based out of the Pacific Northwest. She has a deep-rooted passion for all things coffee with over five years of coffee copywriting and barista experience.
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NNPC gives update on recruitment exercise – Daily Post Nigeria

NNPC gives update on recruitment exercise – Daily Post Nigeria

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The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited on Saturday commenced computer-based tests for recruitment into various positions in the state-owned oil firm.
NNPCL disclosed this in a statement on its official Facebook account on Saturday.
According to the firm, 45,689 applicants jostle for the available vacancies.
NNPCL noted that only the most qualified candidates would be selected for employment at the end of the exercise.
“As the Computer-Based Aptitude Test for NNPC Ltd.’s recruitment begins today at various centres across the country, 45,689 applicants compete in a transparent and inclusive recruitment process,” it said.
Reacting, the NNPCL Group Chief Executive Officer, Mele Kyari, who paid a visit to one of the centres, promised a smooth, transparent, fair, and credible process.
He said only the most qualified will be selected for employment.
“As an equal opportunity employer, NNPC Ltd. has made special provisions to ensure that applicants with disabilities can take the test without any hindrance,” he assured.
Recall that in July 2024, the spokesman of NNPCL had announced the commencement of a fresh recruitment exercise.
 
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Ohio's free health clinics face funding challenges. Here's how they're weathering the storm – The Statehouse News Bureau

Ohio's free health clinics face funding challenges. Here's how they're weathering the storm – The Statehouse News Bureau

As the need for affordable health care is growing across the state, health officials warn financial support for free and charitable clinics is dwindling.
Last year, 80,000 Ohioans relied on free and charitable health clinics for their medical care, according to the Charitable Healthcare Network.
These clinics provide services at low- to no cost to people who can’t afford care or don’t have health insurance. They offer most services found at non-free clinics: primary care, diagnoses, treatments and in some cases, mental health and dental care.
But while the need is growing, charitable donations have dropped, said Mark Yoder, executive director of the Viola Startzman Clinic in Wooster.
“Pre-COVID, I mean we were raising anywhere between $500,000 a year or more,” Yoder said. “Last year, for example, it was close to I think it was $150,000 or $200,000, so definitely, there’s been a trend down.”
This trend isn’t unique to this Northeast Ohio clinic, said Jason Koma, executive director of the Charitable Healthcare Network.
“Almost every single free clinic and charitable clinic in the state of Ohio is one or two decisions away from a large funder, from not being able to keep their doors open,” Koma said.
The statewide network includes 56 clinics serving patients in 86 counties, Koma said. These clinics rely on three main sources of funding: money allocated in the state budget, federal and state grants and charitable donations.
“The business model just doesn’t work because the revenue side really is something that relies on outside influences,” Koma said.
A few clinics have closed already. Others have had to get creative to survive.
The Viola Startzman Clinic, for instance, began promoting its services to more patients who do have insurance, including Medicaid and Medicare, Yoder said.
“If we’re going to continue, we need either the community support increase with donations or other streams of revenue,” Yoder said. “The only way we’re going to continue being able to serve this population, serve these communities, is by pushing the need for commercial insurances.”
Billing insurance gives the clinic a sustainable source of revenue, which, in turn, allows it to continue to care for the patients who don’t have insurance, Yoder said.
One of Yoder’s patients, Anna, has insurance through her employer. Coming to the clinic feels like paying it forward, she said.
“To me, I’m using my insurance, whether it would be here or somewhere else. So, I’m happy to do whatever I can to help the community,” she said.
While this hybrid model is creative, Koma, with the Charitable Healthcare Network, pointed out it isn’t feasible for all clinics.
“It’s an innovative solution and an innovative attempt to try and fill that gap in the business model. It’s also really hard to do that, right?” Koma said. “You need infrastructure, you need staff.”
Most of the state’s free clinics primarily rely on volunteer physicians and administrative staff to operate, he said.
“If you look at a regular primary care office, the amount of people that are dedicated to the paperwork side, the billing side, the connecting with insurance side, those are individuals and salaries that need paid somehow,” Koma added.
For example, the Lorain County Free Clinic has also seen a drop in donations, but they won’t take insurance, Executive Director Paul Baumgartner said.
“We don’t have the infrastructure and the technology to do that,” Baumgartner said. “We operate on shoestring budgets … and to change that would upend the way that we have found most effective for people that are uninsured.”
This clinic has six paid staff members and dozens of volunteers.
So instead of attempting the hybrid model, they’ve expanded fundraising and outreach campaigns to try to recruit new donors. They’ve tried to broaden their donor base by reaching out to areas in the county that are seeing major economic growth, such as Westlake and Avon, Baumgartner said.
“People, inherently, they want to be supportive, they want to give – you just have to show them how and why,” Baumgartner added. “That’s what we do and that’s what we need to continue to do creatively, because people have a lot of choices when it comes to getting their checkbook out.”
Yoder at Viola Startzman is concerned that if clinics don’t switch to a hybrid model, there could be more closures.
That’s especially true with new funding concerns on the horizon. Earlier this year, the Trump Administration cut grant money that had already been allocated to his clinic and others. Plus, possible changes to Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act could leave more Ohioans uninsured.
That would have ripple effects that could strain health care resources, cost more and ultimately lead to worse outcomes.
“You’re going to have these patients progress into having to use the emergency department or having to, you know, have law enforcement called on them from their mental illness that isn’t controlled,” Yoder said. “I do think it’s going to actually burden the system a lot more.”
Even with their new insurance billing strategy, the clinic still needs to raise more money, Yoder added. Like other charitable clinics throughout the state, they’re ramping up their fundraising efforts this year to try to recruit new, younger donors.

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Illinois, Indiana counties under air quality alert due to Canadian wildfire smoke until Thursday, National Weather Service says – ABC7 Chicago

Illinois, Indiana counties under air quality alert due to Canadian wildfire smoke until Thursday, National Weather Service says – ABC7 Chicago

CHICAGO (WLS) — The Chicago area is under an air quality alert Thursday due to the Canadian wildfire smoke.
Environmental officials said the pollutants from the smoke will be sticking around the area through at least Thursday.

The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency declared an "Air Pollution Action Day" for the greater Chicago area until midnight on Thursday, with special attention to those most vulnerable, including children, the elderly and pregnant women.
"If you can see it, guess what? You're breathing it in, so we have to be careful," said Dr. Juanita Mora, National Medical Spokesperson for the American Lung Association.
Children, and those with pulmonary or respiratory diseases such as asthma, are recommended to limit their time outdoors.
"For those group of patients or people, we recommend that they avoid being outdoors right now because that can create some potential breathing problems, particularly for people who have lung disease or heart disease," said Dr. Momen Wahidi, a Northwestern Medicine Pulmonologist.
The alert was in effect for northern and northeast Illinois and Northwest Indiana.
A tracker with the latest updates on air quality levels for areas across the state can be found on the AirNow government website.
The warning is a result of the smoke from Canadian wildfires, bringing potentially dangerous pollutants with it to the Midwest.
"When a warning like this comes out of the air quality control, we have to think, there's two things going on, one, is particle pollution and the other, is ozone pollution that's also occurring," Dr. Mora said.
Health experts said those with underlying heart and lung issues should stay on top of their daily medications and to stay indoors.
"Staying indoors means having your doors closed, your windows closed, purifiers or HEPA filters on because we're trying to clear the air," Dr. Mora said.
Doctors also recommended for people to wear a mask if they have to be outside as the haze lingers, and when they get home, make sure to change clothes, shower, and do whatever possible to get any pollutants off.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's AirNow map showed a swath of red for "unhealthy" conditions across the eastern half Minnesota into western Wisconsin and northern Iowa. The map also showed purple for "very unhealthy" across much of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, where the Air Quality Index numbers of 250 and were common, though conditions started to improve slightly by late morning.
The Air Quality Index – AQI – measures how clean or polluted the air is, focusing on health effects that might be experienced within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air. It is based on ground-level ozone, particle pollution, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Particulates are the main issue from the fires
The index ranges from green, where the air quality is satisfactory and air pollution poses little or no risk, to maroon, which is considered hazardous. That level comes with health warnings of emergency conditions where everyone is more likely to be affected, according to AirNow.
Canada is having another bad wildfire season, and more than 27,000 people in three provinces have been forced to evacuate. Most of the smoke reaching the American Midwest has been coming from fires northwest of the provincial capital of Winnipeg in Manitoba.
Winnipeg hotels opened Monday to evacuees. More than 17,000 Manitoba residents have been displaced since last week, including 5,000 residents of the community of Flin Flon, nearly 400 miles (645 kilometers) northwest of Winnipeg. In neighboring Saskatchewan, 2,500 residents of the town of La Ronge were ordered to flee Monday, on top of more than 8,000 in the province who had been evacuated earlier.
In Saskatoon, where the premiers of Canada's provinces and the country's prime minister met Monday, Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe said all of Canada has come together to help the Prairie provinces.
Two people were killed by a wildfire in mid-May in Lac du Bonnet, northeast of Winnipeg.
Canada's worst-ever wildfire season was in 2023. It choked much of North America with dangerous smoke for months.
The Associated Press contributed to this report, including: Tammy Webber in Fenton, Michigan, and Scott McFetridge in Des Moines, Iowa.

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School Shooting Tracker: Counting school shootings since 2013 – NBC News

School Shooting Tracker: Counting school shootings since 2013 – NBC News

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This tracker will be an ongoing effort to identify and contextualize shootings in all types of schools from kindergarten to college, across the U.S.
The tracker focuses on the segment of planned school shootings where an active shooter, with intent to harm, injures or kills at least one student or faculty member during school or at a school event. Read the full NBC News criteria for school shootings, including the FBI’s definition of an active shooter, below.
Every time a major school shooting occurs in the United States, the national conversation that immediately follows recounts the number of similar incidents that have happened to date that year. The chilling statistics, broadcast over the airwaves, published in newsprint and shared on the internet, vary depending on the news organization and its definition of a school shooting.
Several organizations and databases track gun violence in schools, including Everytown for Gun Safety, the Washington Post school shooting database, and the U.S. Department of Education. These publishers contribute to the public’s understanding of the effect of gun violence even though each might provide different numbers for school shootings that have occurred in a particular time period.
Dr. Daniel Webster, a professor at the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research, said that part of the difficulty in studying gun violence is determining what counts as a school shooting.
“Let’s say someone is shot on school grounds in the evening,” Webster said. “It has nothing to do with the school day and doesn’t involve a student, but you could identify that in a database as the setting is a school. That makes things murky.”
The differing totals can lead to confusion about the number of school shootings. In the hours after the mass shooting at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida on Feb. 14 2018, Everytown for Gun Safety, which tracks every instance of gunfire on school grounds, tweeted that it was the 18th such event in 2018. The tweet was retweeted more than 800 times, prompting the Washington Post to note that only five of the 18 instances occurred during school hours and resulted in injury.
Dr. Lacey Wallace, Penn State University assistant professor of criminal justice, told NBC News that broad definitions create inflated shooting totals, and inflated totals lead to public fear.
“The higher that number goes, the more people are afraid to send their kids to school,” Wallace said.
“Our schools are actually pretty safe, and in a lot of cases they’re safer than the surrounding communities,” Wallace said.
In an effort to be more consistent, and to more closely align our statistics with our reporting, teams within NBC News collaborated, studied existing school shooting databases and sources, and created a criteria for planned school shooting counts for use across the company’s newsrooms.
The federal Safe School Initiative was formed after the 1999 Columbine High School massacre to help determine how to prevent future attacks. Its report looks at “incidents of ‘targeted violence’ in school settings… where the school was deliberately selected.”
In an effort to capture the terror of an active shooter entering a school, the NBC News shooting tracker criteria focuses on the type of incidents described in the Safe School Initiative report.
The NBC News school shooting tracker includes shootings that meet these criteria:
One or more active shooters. The FBI defines an active shooter as an individual engaged in attempting to kill people in a confined space or populated area.
On school property during school hours and as students are arriving or leaving, or at school-sanctioned or school-sponsored events. “Schools” are defined as ranging from nursery schools to colleges, universities, and technical schools.
There is intent to harm students or faculty with a gun.
At least one person, other than the shooter, is injured or dies.
And while every case of school gun violence is serious and can cause trauma and suffering for the children and adults who experience it, in order to capture the subset of gun violence described in the Safe School Initiative report our count excludes the following cases:
Accidental discharge of a weapon at school
Suicide by firearm at school
Isolated fights, altercations, or domestic disputes*, including gang violence
* There may be exceptions in which a domestic dispute crosses over into the realm of a planned school shooting attack.
Our data is derived from an analysis of information from news reports, social media monitoring, the K-12 School Shooting Database, Everytown for Gun Safety, law enforcement and government reports and press conferences, court records, our own reporting, and other publicly available information. Shooting events are recorded and evaluated as new information becomes available and are added to our published dataset when it’s determined an incident meets the NBC News standard for planned school shootings carried out by an active shooter.
Nigel Chiwaya is the Senior Editor, Data Viz for NBC News Digital.
Polly DeFrank is the Director of News Research/Infocenter for NBC News.
Joe Murphy is a data editor at NBC News.
© 2025 NBCUniversal Media, LLC

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Thousands of D.C. residents could lose their health insurance through budget cuts – WAMU

Thousands of D.C. residents could lose their health insurance through budget cuts – WAMU

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Does the cost of attending coffee industry events make them inaccessible? – Perfect Daily Grind

Does the cost of attending coffee industry events make them inaccessible? – Perfect Daily Grind

Every year, the number of coffee industry events held around the world only continues to grow. Although most take place in majority-consuming countries, more and more organisers have started to host trade shows and expos at origin in a bid to improve accessibility.
The benefits of attending and exhibiting at industry events are indisputable. In addition to experiencing the latest trends and technologies firsthand, coffee professionals can network, build relationships, and potentially secure new customers. For a budding coffee shop owner or new roaster, taking part in events is vital to build brand visibility.
But with more and more trade shows scattered across the globe, travel and logistical expenses quickly start to add up – and not everyone can afford the costs. Moreover, the pressure to turn up to as many events as possible is felt by many, with the fear of missing out becoming all too real.
So has the cost of attending events made them too inaccessible for most coffee professionals? Or are there ways to still engage with trade shows that are more affordable?
To find out, I spoke to Andrea Melo-Leon, COO at Producer & Roaster Forum, Steve Moloney, founder of Ordna Event Agency, Navin Rajes, Director of MSP Coffee, Sierra Roberts and Camilo Arbelaez, co-founders of Encantado Coffee, and Spencer Ross, Associate Professor of Marketing at University of Massachusetts Lowell.
You may also like our article on why it’s important to host events in producing countries.
Trade shows, expos, and festivals are some of the most engaging events in the coffee industry. Baristas, roasters, traders, producers, equipment manufacturers, and other brands have the opportunity to showcase their products, connect with their peers, and learn more about the latest market trends.
In recent years, events increasingly have an emphasis on education, too. Many include lectures, seminars, panels, workshops, and live demonstrations for attendees to gain as much value as possible. What’s more, many of the industry’s high-level competitions take place at some of the biggest coffee events of the year – showcasing exciting new coffees and innovative brewing techniques.
Although there are hundreds of local, regional, and international coffee events held across the globe every year, a few stand out as must-attend trade shows. Events like World of Coffee, Specialty Coffee Expo, HostMilano, and London Coffee Festival regularly draw in tens of thousands of visitors every edition.
Sierra Roberts and Camilo Arbelaez are the co-founders of Encantado Coffee – an exporter which focuses exclusively on sourcing specialty coffee from Colombia.
“Coffee events are a great way to meet and network with other people in the industry,” Sierra says. “The 2024 Specialty Coffee Expo in Chicago was our first coffee event since we started Encantado in November 2023. Expo hosted a variety of lectures covering topics like marketing, retail, and challenges that small exporters face, which were incredibly useful to us.”
Camilo adds: “It was also inspiring to hear the stories of other coffee businesses that have succeeded in their niche markets, and to get a feel for upcoming trends in the specialty coffee industry.
“From our perspective as a small two-person operation, the biggest thing you miss out on when you don’t attend events is the social aspect of in-person networking with other coffee professionals and businesses,” he continues.
When the time comes every year, many of us are asked if we will be at the industry’s biggest (and arguably most important) events. For larger and more established companies, covering attendance expenses is much easier, while smaller-sized businesses and independent coffee professionals may struggle to pay travel and accommodation costs.
Moreover, with events like World of Coffee now taking place in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East (with a Latin American event also set for 2026), costs for visitors and exhibitors only increase.
Steve Moloney is the founder of Ordna Event Agency, which organises events like The Barista League in many different countries and Nordic Coffee Fest in Sweden.
“Since the pandemic, travel and accommodation costs have increased dramatically, which has made attending events a lot more expensive,” he says. “So maybe it has become unrealistic to attend every trade show, but there are so many interesting local and smaller festivals that you can still engage in without breaking the bank.”
At the same time, there is a lot of value in attending the biggest industry events, but it’s not always achievable for some.
Spencer Ross is an Associate Professor of Marketing at University of Massachusetts Lowell and a specialty coffee enthusiast. While on a Fulbright Research Exchange in Colombia, he tells me he spoke to local industry professionals about attending the Specialty Coffee Expo, which takes place in a different US city every year.
Out of curiosity, Spencer explains he calculated attendance costs, including visas, flights, accommodation, entry badges, meals, and additional spending.
“The approximate cost for one person to attend is US $1,992, while the average annual income for a coffee farmer in Colombia is about US $789,” he tells me. “The pass itself is not even one-fifth of the total cost, so 80% is spent on travel expenses, which makes it more challenging for low-income producers to attend.”
Inevitably, this means taking part in key industry events is impossible for many producers – particularly smallholders who may make less than a living wage. Among the many issues this creates, gatekeeping market access is one of the most obvious.
“Moreover, some producers don’t speak sufficient English to fully engage with other event attendees, which marginalises them even further,” Spencer adds.
Navin Rajes is the Director of MSP Coffee – a coffee farm in Tamil Nadu, India. As a producer, he explains why attending events is important.
“You can network and gain exposure by sitting behind a screen at home, but human connection is also very important,” he says. “This is what helps establish long-term relationships, and a lot of aspects of coffee trade are based on trust. Meeting people and putting a face and personality to the voice on the phone or the name in the email signature is essential.”
Given, however, that most industry events are held in majority-consuming countries, it can be incredibly challenging for many producers and other coffee professionals at origin to afford travel and logistical costs. 
Additionally, most trade shows and expos are targeted towards the market that roasters, coffee shop owners, and traders operate in, which is more consumer-facing. In this regard, producers would receive little value from attending.
To address these issues, events like PRF bring industry professionals together in origin countries in a format that best serves the needs of producers. This year, the first-ever PRF: Farm Summit will take place entirely on a coffee farm on 17 & 18 October with a unique focus on regenerative agriculture and organic farming.
Andrea Melo-Leon is the COO at PRF. She explains how the format of the event is more geared towards industry professionals in producing countries.
“Hosting events at origin instead of majority-consumer countries has significant implications for the industry,” she says. “Producers have a more prominent platform to showcase their products and directly engage with roasters and buyers.
“This helps to amplify their voices, which are often underrepresented in the global coffee trade,” she adds. “We aim to level the playing field and foster direct collaboration and communication between producers, roasters, and traders.”
Organising industry events in producing countries inevitably means bringing together a more diverse range of coffee professionals, as well as placing more of a spotlight on producers and the challenges they face.
But it can be all too easy to oversimplify these complex issues, as Andrea explains.
“At PRF, we aim to create spaces for constructive discussions that help us address these challenges collaboratively and responsibly,” she says. “Producers and their experiences and challenges need to be accurately represented and respected, and they need the opportunity to share their own stories. 
“It’s also important to encourage open and honest dialogue about inequities in the coffee supply chain, including poverty, exploitation, and lack of access to resources,” she adds. “Producers aren’t passive participants – they are essential stakeholders in the coffee industry whose perspectives are invaluable.”
In line with this, organisers need to create event formats that ensure producers and other coffee professionals at origin obtain as much value as possible, as well as lowering barriers to entry.
“Thanks to our Diamond Sponsor Mayorga Coffee, PRF offers scholarships to smallholders who wouldn’t be able to attend without it,” Andrea says. “We also offer multilingual support and translations, and design our lecture and workshop programmes to address the specific needs of producers.”
Although the pressure to attend as many trade shows as possible is felt by most coffee professionals, businesses need to understand more about which types of events will work best for them. For example, if a roastery sells most of its coffee in a regional market, then attending international expos or festivals may not always work in their favour.
“I don’t think it’s always necessary to attend bigger events,” Steve tells me. “If most of a coffee shop’s customers are in the local community then their time is better spent attending, or even running, events in that area.
“Some trade shows are financially exclusive, and if these are the only places where you can go to advance your career or expand in a new market then you have a problem,” he adds. “But in that case, new events will appear that meet demand for more accessible options.”
If a coffee company is looking to build a stronger consumer base in different international markets, however, attending bigger expos and festivals will be a key part of this growth. Ultimately, this decision lies with what works best for the individual business.
To run successful events, organisers understandably need to charge visitors and exhibitors fees. But Steve emphasises that they also have a responsibility to improve accessibility based on the brands they want to attract.
“If it’s an event for CEOs and big businesses then the scale for affordability is totally different for a small coffee festival or barista competition,” he says. “In my opinion, there’s no good excuse for organisers to charge baristas hundreds of dollars to attend. 
“At the Barista League, for example, we always make sure our ticket prices cost no more than the equivalent of two hours’ local minimum wage,” he adds. “For Nordic Coffee Fest, one of our core requirements of the venue is that it’s accessible by train or bus from any Scandinavian country.”
Depending on the size of the event, location will invariably place attendance restrictions. Steve, however, points out that organisers need to do more to provide support.
“A good event organiser has keen oversight over its operating costs and revenue to make conscious decisions about ticket prices and how accessible they want the event to be,” he says. “There’s also an opportunity for progressive organisers to sponsor attendees from marginalised communities or establish grant schemes.”
Attending trade shows is an important part of working in the industry, but rising costs mean that businesses and coffee professionals have to prioritise the events that benefit them the most.
At the same time, organisers need to make sure they create events that best suit the needs of attendees and exhibitors, and strive to improve accessibility across the board.
Enjoyed this? Then read our article on whether trade shows actually benefit smaller businesses.
Photo credits: Producer & Roaster Forum, Ádám Csordás
Perfect Daily Grind
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Bhavi is a brand-building specialist, a dairy technologist, and a storyteller with a keen interest in coffee.

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